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Aug. 18, 1931. E. H. BLUNT LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATER AND PUMPOriginal Filed March 1.

1921 s sheets-sheet 1 v INVENTOR EdmundHB unt,

: Z I I I I Aug. 18, 1931. E. H. BLUNT LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATER ANDPUMP s Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed March 1,

EXHAUST AUXILIARY EXHAUST \\h HOT WATE INVENTOR JmndH. Jun

. Aug. 18, 1931. E. H. BLUNT LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER HEATER AND PUMP" ssheets-sheet :s

Original-Filed March 1, 1921 INVENTORV unt,

Reiuued Aug. 18, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDMUND H. BLUNT, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK LOCOIO'IIVE.FEED WATER HEATER ANDPUD Original No. 1,551,727, dated September 1, 1925, Serial No. 448,778,filed March 1, 1921,

' reissue filed August 23, 1926.- Serial No. 131,134. t

' The invention relates to feed water heaters and more particularly tosuch as may be ap lied to locomotive boilers. I

Vhile the application of a feed water heat- 3 er to locomotive boilershas not been general in any sense, its desirability in this connectionis fully appreciated and it is recognized that great economy wouldresult if a proper feed water heater could be designed forsuch muse. Ofthe two recognized types, namely closed'or pressure heaters and en ornonpressure heaters, the latter is by ar the preferable in view of itssmaller size, absence of serious temperature and boiler pressurestresses, the elimination of scale and other impurities and a directsaving of the water of condensation. However, such an open type heaterre uires in locomotive use, a cold Water pump or sprayi the condensingmu water'and in overcoming ack pressure. It

necessitates, also, the use of hot water pumping ap aratus for removingthe heated water from t e heater and for the purpose of deliverin sameunder pressure to the boiler. M Whi e the theoretical advantage ofaninstallation of this character may be readily determined, the troubleheretofore has always been toproperly incorporate the principle;

Attempts have been made, experimentally,

U with heater a paratus, but the same have resulted genera ly infailure, due to one cause or another, It has been found, for example,

that, an injector cannot-be employed to operate with an open type ofheater and that the substitution of a pump or pumps for the usualinjector involves difiiculties; and the successful solution of theproblem depends to a great extent on the pumping portion of thecombination,

It will be'appreciated, also, that when the feed water heater apparatusis to be applied to the side of a locomotive boiler, which appears'to bethe only practicable place to install it, that there are limits imposedin conmotion with its installation which prohibit the heater fromextending much above and below, for example, the running board of thelocomotive.

Due to the vertical limits imposed by cemoti've installation and thenecessity of a good sized vapor or s ra-y'chamber at the upper endofheater c amber, the range of high water and lower water levels is ex.'

tremely limited and the problem of regulation of the same is of verygreat importance, as the lack of a reliable and efficient-regulationmeans a failure of the a paratus as a whole. It will be found, furtermore, that i a predetermined ratio between the volume of injection andejection water is v required to maintain the water level in the heaterWithin comparatively narrow limits; also, that.

means should be available to allow of a variation in this ratioduringdifierent seasons of 1 I the year, due to the different percentage01 steam condensed; and that, moreover, proper facilities must beafiorded to take care of any surplus water of condensation.

Having in consideration the various limita r,

tions and requirements aforesaid, my invenlocomotive feed water heaterand nrifier which not only may conveniently an prop ,70 tion has for itsO l)]t a slmple'and com act erl be located on the locomotive, but iscapab e of giving continuous and eflicient opera tion under the variousservice conditions met with.

The nature of the invention will, however,

best'be understood when described in 0011-,

nection with the accompanying drawings, in wh1ch- I Fig. 1 is afragmentary side elevation of Similar characters of reference designatecorresponding parts thruout' the several views.

Referrin to the drawings, 10 designates a locomotive oiler to which maybeattached; as by suitable plates and brackets 11, the feed water heaterapparatus forming the SllbJGCt matter of the present invention, 12'designates the running board of the locoelevation of the "P t motivewhich fixes, for example, the upwlimit' of the installation, the lowerlimit ing fixed by the driving wheels 13 and associated mechanism.

The apparatus itself consists essentially of a main heater, portionconnected as by means flat ess! 'iwith fqr eglantple, the source ofeicliaust steam from the locomotive. A secondary heat'er portion 20',may be' attached to the rear of fliemain portion of the heater vessel 20and may extend below the bottom of said main portion sufliciently toprovide a settlin chamber; 57' and allow water outlet or passage tothe-pump suction may. be. installed above the settling c not to directlydistyrb its c on tents; The enteringsteammay be distributed ingmysuitable manner therein to meet with water which is ina the ,cold 1 p Itrod iced as thru an'mlet water supply, pipe 22, cold water beingpreferably sprayed into the steam to be'heated thereby and thencollected in the bottom of the heater vessel. e heater is provided, withan outlet conduit 23 for the heated water, said conduit with the pumpinmechanism hereinafter described and whic mechanism,

also controls the supply of the cold or: injectedwater for condensingthe steam in the ""heater; 20. 7/

Thi cond i may M and also subdivided mto. a, subcontent or valve h QPQYE BQ' mg t a ps slmp p'lfrtsofithe suchasthe P l? t. 7

of 'lstqlbfsthpough f P 1 VQW'. 4Q 9. -5; the rebermg'oi the m ea 'fghelapra stn heater is 'so'located withhreference to H water. xpasto'secumtemaximnm will??? m eaf F Y-8 W! new a was W.:e .ees ty aSlstthe flow of heated waterinto or ,e J the deh.veiay of cold H1196-ltllofl water to e heater: anfi remilyal 311 the ere o en: t oy a siiig'le acting cold water pun jifllnd a? single- I ew t sr aass r mr bs seis"? is i m t at h y -le pump barrel 27 in w ich there is ar-. ang d t ta a p flinp e a m a 29:; latter is act atedfrom a m ver,

's,". s j as racnfrof 'ibame p as ushes 57,,a'nd a hot be detachable9111 fur her file.

V for egsm 1e, that 1 flied bjt QQSWam c sue, tionvalves 31' at the hotwater pump-are,

tha'ttheggreatest saheador at least the valve-seats, below the gasket orjoint line of the pump barrel and the conduit 23 or 23'. Locating aplurality of these valves beneath and substantially within thedownwardly projected area of the pump barrel will save considerablespace that would otherwise be taken up were these valves outside of saidarea. The hot water pump is connected thru an outlet valve or valves 32,with a ipe 33 thru which is delivered the heated eedwater to thelocomotive boiler. A suitable air chamber 33' may be provided in thedelivery pipe 33.

In connection with the upper portion or "piston rod end of the barrel27, a suction valve 34 for the cold inlet water is provided as well asan outlet valve 35 thru which and the pipe 22 the cold water is forcedto the spray apparatus 35' and the heater 20, for the purpose of beingheated by the steam su plied thereto, asis well understood. The egree ofpressure under which this in'ection water is to be supplied isdetermined y gravity, the possib e back ressure of the main exhauststeam and the friction losses to be overcome; and, similarly, thepressure under which the hot ejection water is to be supplied is made toconform to the working boiler pressure.

The cold or injection water should approximate in quantity the hot orejection water; and bylthe arrangement proposed, a definite ratio avingonce been esta lished between same, no appreciable change in the ratiowill result from variations in piston speed or length of stroke. It willbe found, however that the water of condensation will nickly floodthe'heater unless the amount 0' injection water is less than the hotwater removed; and as such amount of water of condensation may reach 15%or more of the water to be,

fed to the boiler, the excess may be too large in amount'to be safely orconveniently handled by an ordinary type of float controHed valve, Inthe construction set forth, a ready means is afiorded for predetermininand also of changing, if required, the ratio between the in ected andejected water so that any excess due to condensation can be made sosmall-as to be readily removed by a combearing on the outer end of avalve stem 43 of v the outlet valve 42 to control said valvefor theremoval ofthesurpluslwater, which maybe returned to or towards thesource of supply or discharge as waste. Valve stem 4:3 may:

project through the valve bod 42 b an recognized methpd, asa stung y yor run 05 as box, that clearances r in tight enough to prevent anyappreciable amount of cold water from escaping into the heats vessel,but free enough to allow proper play to the valve.

Q' In the specific form shown, a by-pass con I a predetermined point,the cam 43 acting on the elem 48 serves to wedge and hold the valveclued, but when the water level goes above the desired t, the campermits the valve to open part of the cold water is bypasmd back to thesuction 22' or is led to any other desired int. The pumps pulsationtends to t by-pass-valve 42 at each cold water delivery stroke, and thevarying positions of the periphery of cam 43 at times restricts theamount that valve stem 43 can rim and so correspondingly restricts thevalve movement. The valve can be made to return to its seal: betweenstrokes by means of its Own weight, or by any other well known device.

To predetermine the ratio between the injccted and ejected water, thediameter of the piston rod 29 may be so selected that its excessdisplacement will equal that percentage of caadensed steam whichexperience and experiments will have shown not to be objectionable. Itis understood, of course, that the stuffing boxes or glands, or both,for the piston rod will have to be accordingly altered to accommodatedifferent sizes of pie ton rods. I prefer, however, to have the pistmirod 29 ofmoderate diameter and to provide sleeves of various requireddiameters, for example, as the sleeve 45 shown, which sleeve is designedto be slipped over the piston rod, bearing against the bottom of steampiston and top of water piston, as shown, to conform to various serviceconditions. spending stufling boxes or glands will then be provlded suchas 46, the same being adapted to the varying size of sleeve that may beneeded.

The construction aforesaid is particularly simple and eflicient, twopump actions being secured within the limits and length of a si le pumpbarrel and effective with a sin is pis n and piston rod. This results int e elimination of two extra stufiing boxes, an extra pump cylinder andthe corresponding uired b an alternate design of pnm whic woul otherwisehave added to the en h of the apparatus. Such increase in t vertical orlongitudinal dimension would, in many cases, prohibit the inl stellationof a heater on locomotives where the limits are particularly close.

It will be appreciated that ordinarily during the periods of drifting ofthe locomotive, or iods during which the steam is substany cute! and thelocomotive is not func- Cornetioning, the heater will be ineffectual toheat the feed water, in that there is subaantially no exhaust steambeing supplied to the heater. I have found it desirable, in order toobviate such a condition, to provide an auxiliary source of steamsupply, preferably exhaust steam, which will be automatically availableas soon as the main source fails. To this end, there may be utilized,for example, live steam or the exhaust from steam operated auxiliaryapparatus, as the air pump 50, the said exhaust steam normally passlngthru the exhaust pipe 51 in the usual manner to the stack (not shown).There is included, if found necessary, in said exhaust pipe a pressureregulatingvalve 52 which will serve to maintain a predetermined maximumpressure in the portion of the exhaust pipe between the valve and airpump. This pressure may be so chosen as to exceed the preswre in theheater 20 when steam from locomotive exhaust is no longer being suppliedin suflicient amounts to said heater. A by-pass connection 53 is takenfrom the exhaust pipe 51 to the said heater between the regulating valveand auxiliary 50, and a check valve 54 interposed, so that as long asthe pressure in the heater 20 exceeds that of the exhaust pipe 51 noappreciable amount of steam will flow in either direction thru theconnection 53. However, when the main supply to the heater fails, thepressure of the auxiliary supply from the air pump or like apparatuswill cause the valve 54 to open and steam to be furnished to the heaterto continue the heating of the feed water, thus insuring continuousoperation during the various service conditions prevalent in locomotiveoperation. This renders the operation automatic and prevents largeamounts of cold water entering the boiler during periods of drifting;and the attention of the engineer is not then diverted to shutting downthe feed water pump. Furthermore, the auxiliary apparatus is notexhausting at other times into the heater, a practice which isobjectionable because of the excessive back pressure on auxiliaries thatwould be established thereby.

It is preferred, also, to include a check valve 55 in the main exhaustsupply pipe 21 to insure the exhaust from the auxiliary apparatusentering the heater, when required and prevent possible reverse flowthru the pipev 21.

To divert scale and impurities, a plate or balfie 56 protects the pumpinlet 23., the flow of ejected water following the general directions ofarrow, Fig. 4. By means of a vertical bafie 57, the suction is takenfrom the lowest part of the apparatus, thereby preventing floatingmaterial and accidental oil from entering the heated water supply ne 1.In a locomotive open type feed water 1.; heater vessel to be condensedby and mingled with the water therein, the volumetric displacement ofthe uppzll; cold water and of the piston, bein less the volumetric disalacement the lower hot water and of the piston by an amount determinedby the cross-sectional areaof the piston rod, a com duit for auxiliarysteam supply to said heater vessel, and means for maintaining a pressurein said conduit suificient to automatically admit steam to saidheatervessel from the auxiliary steam supply conduit when the normal supply ofsteam to said-heater vessel fails a locomotive open type feed waterheater, a heater vessel, a pump c linder, a

single piston reciprocating insai cylinder for forcing a certain volumeof cold water intosaid heater vessel at each upward stroke a of thepidion and withdrawing a certain but larger volume of hot water fromsaid vessel into the bottom of said cylinder at the same time, means forconducting steam to said heater vessel to be condensed by and mingledwith the water therein, the volumetric displacement of the upper coldwater endof the piston being less than thevolumetric displaeement o thelower hot water end of the piston b an amount determined by the crossqarea of the piston rod, a-cold water by-pass connected between. theupper cold water and of the cylinder and the heater vessel,.,a valve insaid by-pass adapted to be opened by the pressure of water in said byisnew; d wP a chmges water level in said heater vessel or limi [dent ofsaid valve. 7

3. An open type feedwater heater commoveprising a heating vessel, meansfor normally admittingesteam thereto, a pump cylinder and piston, oneend of said cylinder being to'a cold water supp y and to said W. 'fordrawing cold water into said cylwhen the piston mo'vesflin one directionan fore mg'the cold water into said vessel when the piston moves in theopposite direction, an auxiliary conduit for automatically admittingsteam to said vessel, a connection in said auxiliary conduit suflicientto admit.

steam to said heater vessel automatically from the auxiliary steamconduit when the normal supply of steam fails.

4. An open type feed water heater comhot water outlet from said vessel,a single pump cylinder and piston for forcing cold water into saidvessel when the piston moves in one direction and drawing hot water fromsaid vessel when the iston moves in the same direction, a conduit orauxiliary steam supply to said heater vessel, means for maintainmg apressure in said conduit sufiicient to automatically admit steam to saidheater vessel fromthe auxiliary steam supply when the normal supply ofsteam fails, a cold water by-pass connected between said pump cylinderand said heater vessel, a valve in above the normal water level in thevessel,

pumping means for-forcing the same volume of cold water through saidspray head into said vesselat each alternate stroke and withdrawing atthe same time a greater volume of hot water from said vessel, the volumeof hot water pumped from said'heater vessel being the same at eachpumping stroke for a 'ven length of stroke, and means controlle by thepressure of exhaust steam in said vessel ior admitting an auxiliarysupply of exhaust steam tosaid vessel when the steam pressure insaid-vessel falls below a predetermined value.

6. Ina locomotive feedwater heater, a heater vessel, a pump for forcingcold water into'said vessel and for withdrawing hot water therefrom,means for conducting' 'ex hauststeam from the locomotive cylinders tosaid heater vessel fo'rheating the water,

therein, means for conducting anauxiliary supply of steam to said vesselin case of failure of the supply of exhaust steam from the cylinders,and a regulating valve in said auxiliary steam conducting means formain- 2 prising a heater vessel, means for admitting steam theretoduring normal operations, a

taining a pressure therein insuflicient for causing; a steam flowtherein during normal. flow of exhaust steam from the cylinders butsuflicient to cause a flow into said vessel in between said vessel andone end of said cylinder for d'raw'mg hot water into said cylinderwhen-cold water is being forced into'said vessel, an outlet from; saidlinder for discharginghot'water cylinder when 388 of failure o thenormal flow of ex cold'vnter'is beingdrawn in at the opposite hauststeam from the cylinders, and means U end, and means for maintaining awe:-

1 1 exhaustmgrtha aunllary sup-.

ply independently of said locomotive cylmder exhaust. h 7. In alocomotiveffeegwater heater, t:

eater vessel, a um or orcin co wa r into said vessel and for with awinghot water therefrom, means for conducting exhaust steam from thelocomotive cylinders to said heater vessel for heating the watertherein, means for conducting an auxiliary supply of steam to saidVessel in case of failure of the supply of exhaust steam from cylinders,a regulating valve in said auxdzeam conducting means for permittlng apressure therein suflicient to cause a flow of auxiliary steam into saidvessel in case of failure of the normal steam supply from the cylinders,and means for normally exhaustm the auxiliary supply indepzndently 0said locomotive cylinder exust.

8. In a locomotive feedwater heater, an open type heater vessel, pumpmeans for forcing cold water into said vessel and for withdrawing agreater volume of hot water therefrom, means for normally conductingexhaust steam to the heater vessel for heating the water therein, meansfor conducting an auxiliary supply of steam to said vessel in case offailure of the normal supply of exhaust steam, a check valve on one ofsaid steam conducting means opening toward said vessel for preventing aflow of steam from one of said conducting means to the other, means fornormally permitting the exhaust of said auxiliary supply independentlyof the normal exhaust steam supply, and means for maintaining a pressureof auxiliary steam su ply suflicient to open said check valve on aecrease of the normal supply of exhaust steam on a predeterminedminimum.

9. In a feedwater heater, a heater vessel, means for conducting steam tosaid vessel, means for introducing cold water into said vessel, aconstant water level valve, adapted to be opened by the pressure ofwater, a float in said vessel, and means actuated by said float andacting on said valve for holding the latter closed when the water levelin said vessel is below a predetermined point,

said means permitting said valve to be opened by the pressure of waterto a limited amount proportionately to the rise of water level in theheater vessel above a predetermined point.

10. In a feedwater heater, a heater vessel, pumping means for forcingcold water into said vessel and drawing hot water from said vessel,means for conducting steam to said vessel, a by-pass for cold water fromsaid umping means, a poppet type valve in said y-pass adapted to beoperated by the pressure of cold water from said pumping means, and afloat operated means controlled by changes of the water level in saidvessel for preventing the movement of said valve when the water level isbelow a'certain heightbut permitting said valve to be opened by thewater pressure when the water level'rises above apredetermined height insaid vessel.

11. In a feedwater heater, a heater vessel; means for introducing steaminto said vessel, pum means for introducing cold water into sai vesseland withdrawing hot water therefrom, a conduit connecting said heatervessel with the hot water pumping unit, said conduit including an inletvalve casing removably secured to said hot water pumping unit, and a hotwater inlet valve in said casing and positioned below the lower end ofsaid pumping unit.

12. In a locomotive open t pe feedwater heater, a heater vessel, meansor conducting steam to said heater vessel, a single pump cylinder andsingle piston therein for forcing cold Water into said-vessel andwithdrawing hot Water therefrom, a piston rod for actuating said pistonand located in the cold water end of said cylinder, a sleeve surroundingsaid rod and passing to the outside of said cylinder for reducing theVolumetric displacement of the cold water end of said pump.

13. In a locomotive fee'dwater heater, a heater vessel, pump means forforcing cold water into said vessel and for withdrawing hot watertherefrom, means for normally conducting exhaust steam to the heatervessel for heating the water therein, means for conducting anauxiliarsupply of steam to said vessel in case of ailure of the normal supply ofexhaust steam, a check valve in each of said steam conducting means ando n toward said vessels for preventing a ow fi steam from one of saidconducting means to the other, and means for normally permitting theescape of the auxiliary supply of steam independently of the normalsupply of exhaust steam, and means for maintami pressure in theauxiliary supply of steam s cient to open the check valve 1n saidauxiliary supply1 of steam when'the normal supplyof steam 14. In alocomotive feedwater heater, a heater vessel, ump means for forcing coldwater into said vessel and for, Withdrawing hot Water therefrom, meansfor normally conducting exhaust steam to the heater vessel for heatingthe water therein, means for conducting an auxiliary suppl of steam tosaid vessel in case of failure 0 the normal supply of exhaust steam, acheck valve in said auxiliary steam supply means and opening toward saidvessel, and a regulating valve in said auxiliary steam supply means formaintaining a pressure of steam therein, and means for normallydisposing of the auxiliary supply of steam independently of the mainsupply of exhaust steam.

15. In a locomotive feedwater heater, a heater vessel, pump means forforcing cold water into said vessel and for withdrawing *hobwatertherefrom,mesns for normally conducting exhaust steam to the heatervessel for heating the water therein, means for con- Eduethg anauxiliaay supply of steam to'said a? @Wl'fif case'of fa ureof the normalsupply 'ho fiiaintaininga steam pressure therein, and for normalpreventing the auxiliary V supply of steam" m interfering with the sup 1of'exhaust steam;

" 16." In a ocomotive open-type feed water heater, a heater vessel, apum cylinder, a reiprocating piston therein or forcing the volume ofcold water into said vessel at each pimping-stroke and withdrawing 'hot'."-whfirj,theref mm; the volume of hot water mcndiawn'fwm said vesselat each suction I being'snbstantially the same, means forconductln'steamto said heater vessel to e with t e water therein the volumetric(lisp acement of the cold water pumping means being less than thevolumetric displacement of the hot water pumping means so'as to'allow atleast for a part of the con- "densa'te, means for augmenting the supplyof steam to said vessel in case of substantial deof the normal supply ofsteam, and

for maintaining a substantially constant water level in said heatervessel.

flocomotive open type feed water heater comprising a heater vessel, apump nou cylinder, a *singlelpistonreciprocating 1n said cylinderforfeiting a certain amount of cold *water into said heater vessel ateach upward stroke of the and withdrawing a cer- "tain vo of hot waterfrom said intoithebottom of said cylinder at each upward *stroke of thepiston, means for confiuo'tin'g eihaust steam to'said' heater vessel tobe condensed by and mingle with the water "thereinythe volumetricdisplacement of the hppercohi water are "or the piston being less thanthe volumetric displacement of the low- ;erliot waterehd of thepiston'by' an amount determined by the cross-sectional area of the ismsrod," a'cold water return conduit havits 'inlete'nd between the cold 3mmendjofsaid cylinder and the point of diQcha'rg'eto-said heater vessel,and a valve jot-controlling the pof water through said conduit, saidvalve ing raised by the 'pamp ulsation.

18. 1 an open feed water heater, a heater "ve'esel 'served by a' hotwater'and a cold water-pum" contained. in a-single cylinder a detestablehot watercond'uit between the iflloheater and the amid the pump thatdoes zioficonta'in the piston rod, said conduit be' ca able ofseparation into two parts "deta ab 5: secured to'one another, one of thedetachable parts-containing the hot water Narcotics valves. i

' main body and an auxiliary tending tension of the auxiliary body beingadapted 19'. In a feed water heater,'a heater vessel, a hot water andcold water pump combined in 'a single cylinder which supplies cold waterto the heater vessel and withdraws hot wa,

ter from said vessel, said pump havi a her of hot water suction valveslocated di-,

rectly beneath the pump piston and a re- "movable bonnet carrying saidhot water suction valves.

20. In a feed water heater, a heater vessel divided into two principalarts, namelypa dy with a major opening communicating with the auxiliarybod in the tear, the auxiliary body ex-.

below the main body,said lower exto communicate with the hot watersuction of an adjacent feedpump. V e

-21. In a. feedwater heater, a heating vessel, means for introducingsteam into'said' vessel, means forintroducing cold water into saidvessel, a by-pass with an inlet connected to the cold water introducingmeans, a valve in said by-pass adapted at times to be operated bypressure in said introducing means, and a water level float controlledmeans for variably restricting the opening of' said by-pass valve.

22'. In a feed Water heater, a heater vessel, steam supply means. aconduit for supplying auxiliary steam to the vessel, and means formaintaining a pressure in said conduit sufiicient to automatically causeauxiliary steam to be admitted to saidvessel from said con-. duit whenthe normal steam supply to the vessel fails, and an independentauxiliary exhaust open at other times to the atmosphere or stack.

23. In a feedwaterheater, a heater vessel with steam introducing means,also means for supplying water to saidvessel, and means for removingwater from said vessel, water level operated means,and an excess waterby-pass controlled by a one way vertically movable valve, said valvebeing governed in its action by said 'waterle'vel operated means.

24. In a feed'water heater, a heating vessel with means forconductingsteam thereto, a

pump cylinder with a single piston reciproeating therein' for deliveringa quantity of water to said vessel during one pumping stroke andwithdrawing a larger quantity of water from the vessel during the samestroke,

an excess water conduit having its inlet end l located at a pointbetween thepump end that 9

